Group A:
20 July 1996 Washington, D.C.
Att: 34,746 Ref: Antonio Pereira Da Silva(Bra) HT: 1-0
PORTUGAL 2 (Afonso Martins 13' 68')
TUNISIA 0
Portugal: Costinha - Rui Bento, Rui Jorge, Peixe, Andrade(79'e), Litos -
Capucho(57'Dominguez), Vidigal, Afonso Martins - Dani(78'Kenedy),
Paulo Alves(70'Nuno Gomes).
Tunisia: El-Ouaer - M'Kacher(46'Baccouche), Chouchane, Badra(82'Gabsi),
Jaidi - Bouazizi(73'e), Beya, Ben Simane(35'Ben Younes), Chrouda -
Ghodbane, Sellimi.
20 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 83,810 Ref: Lucien Bouchardeau(Ngr) HT: 1-1
UNITED STATES 1 (Reyna 1')
ARGENTINA 3 (G.Lopez 26', Crespo 55', Simeone 90')
USA: Keller - Peay(85'Vargas), Lalas, Pope, Hejduk - Maisonneuve, Reyna,
Baba, Silvera(71'McKeon), - Kirovski, Wood(46'Joseph).
Argentina: Bossio - Ayala(82'Paz), Zanetti, Sensini, Chamot - G.Lopez,
Almeyda, Simeone, Ortega(7'C.Lopez) - Delgado(64'Gallardo),
Crespo.
22 July 1996 Washington, D.C.
Att: 25,811 Ref: Omar Saleh Saad Al Muhanna(KSA) HT: 1-0
ARGENTINA 1 (Ortega 45')
PORTUGAL 1 (Nuno Gomes 70')
Argentina: Bossio - Ayala, Zanetti, Sensini, Chamot - Simeone, Almeyda,
Ortega, Morales(77'G.Lopez) - C.Lopez, Crespo.
Portugal: Costinha(40'Nuno Herlander) - Rui Bento, Peixe(12'Paulo Alves),
Capucho, Litos - Calado, Afonso Martins, Rui Jorge, Vidigal -
Dani(46'Porfirio), Nuno Gomes.
22 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 45,687 Ref: Hugh Dallas(Sco) HT: 1-0
UNITED STATES 2 (Kirovski 38', Maisonneuve 90')
TUNISIA 0
USA: Keller - Peay, Lalas, Pope, Hejduk - Silvera, Reyna, Maisonneuve,
Baba - Joseph, Kirovski(89'Wood).
Tunisia: El-Ouaer - Baccouche(57'Bokri), Badra, Chouchane(68'e), Jaidi -
Beya, Gabsi, Jaballah, Ben Chrouda(86'e) - Ghodbane(63'Kenzari),
Sellimi.
24 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 16,826 Ref: Pirom Un-Prasert(Tha) HT: 1-0
ARGENTINA 1 (Ortega 5')
TUNISIA 1 (M'Kacher 74')
Argentina: Cavallero - Ayala, Zanetti, Paz, Chamot - Simeone(77'Bassedas),
Ortega, G.Lopez, Almeyda - C.Lopez(67'Gallardo),
Crespo(46'Delgado).
Tunisia: El-Ouaer - Baccouche(83'e), Badra, M'Kacher, Jaidi - Bouazizi,
Kanzari(58'Bokri), Beya, Ben Younes(86'Gabsi) - Ghodbane, Sellimi.
24 July 1996 Washington D C.
Att: 58,012 Ref: Edward Lennie(Aus) HT: 0-1
UNITED STATES 1 (Maisonneuve 75')
PORTUGAL 1 (Paulo Alves 33')
USA: Keller - Peay(67'Pollard), Pope, Lalas, Hejduk - Silvera(53'Wood),
Reyna, Maisonneuve(83'McKeon), Baba - Joseph, Kirovski.
Portugal: Nuno Herlander - Rui Bento, Andrade, Rui Jorge, Litos - Vidigal,
Calado, Porfirio(55'Capucho), Dominguez(61'Dani, 85'Beto) -
Paulo Alves, Kenedy.
P W D L F A Pts
1 Argentina 3 1 2 0 5- 3 5 *
2 Portugal 3 1 2 0 4- 2 5 *
3 United States 3 1 1 1 4- 4 4
4 Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1- 5 1
*Qualified to quarter-finals
Group B:
20 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 28,774 Ref: Pierluigi Collina(Ita) HT: 0-0
SPAIN 1 (Oscar 80')
SAUDI ARABIA 0
Spain: Mora - Mendieta, Aranzabal, Corino, Santi - de la Peņa(70'Karanka),
Jose Ignacio, Idiakez(62'Roberto) - Morientes(62'Oscar) Lardin, Raul.
Saudi Arabia: Al-Sadig - Al-Jahani, Al-Khilaiwi, Sulimani(82'Sifeen),
Zubromawi - Anwar Amin, Al-Rashaid, K.Al-Dossari, Al-Harbi -
O.Al-Dossary, Falatah.
20 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 14,322 Ref: Roberto Ruben Ruscio(Arg) HT: 1-0
FRANCE 2 (Pires 11', Maurice 74')
AUSTRALIA 0
France: Letizi - Djetou, Bonnissel, Candela, Moreau - Makelele, Dhorasoo,
Dacourt(46'ibierski), Legwinski - Maurice(80'Vairelles),
Pires(89'Wiltord).
Australla: Juric - Babic, Muscat, Casserly, Horvat(79'Aloisi) - Moric,
Corica, Foxe, Tiatto(22'e) - Viduka(69'Spiteri), Vidmar.
22 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 16,773 Ref: Pirom Un-Prasert(Tha) HT: 1-0
FRANCE 1 (Legwinski 38')
SPAIN 1 (Oscar 85')
France: Letizi - Djetou, Toyes, Candela, Moreau - Dieng, Makelele(79'Pires),
Dhorasoo, Legwinski - Vairelles, Wiltord(90'Sibierski).
Spain: Mora - Sietes(65'de la Peņa), Javi Navarro, Corino(57'Lardin), Santi
- Oscar, Karanka, Roberto(65'Aranzabal), Jose Ignacio - Raul, Dani.
22 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 5,997 Ref: Esfandiar Baharmast(USA) HT: 1-1
AUSTRALIA 2 (Tsekenis 11', Viduka 63')
SAUDI ARABIA 1 (Al-Kilaiwi 37')
Australia: Juric - Babic, Muscat, Casserly, Moric - Corica, Tsekenis,
Aloisi - Vidmar, Viduka(79'Enes), Spiteri.
Saudi Arabia: Al-Sadig - Al-Jahani, Sulimani(26'Al-Marzoug, 70'Sifeen),
Al-Khilaiwi, Zubromawi - Anwar Amin, Al-Harbi, Al-Rashaid,
Al-Garni(26'K.Al-Dossari) - Falatah, O.Al-Dossary.
24 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 12,050 Ref: Hugh Dallas(Sco) HT: 1-2
SPAIN 3 (Raul 40' 90', Santi 86')
AUSTRALIA 2 (Vidmar 3' 12')
Spain: Mora - Mendieta(32'Lardin), Aranzabal, Javi Navarro, Santi - Oscar,
Karanka, Jose Ignacio(60'de la Peņa) - Raul, Morientes(70'Idiakez),
Dani.
Australia: Juric - Babic, Muscat, Horvat, Casserly - Moric(56'Aloisi),
Tsenkenis, Corica - Vidmar(72'Lozanovski), Spiteri(36'Tiatto),
Viduka.
24 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 4,615 Ref: Armando Archundia(Mex) HT: 1-0
FRANCE 2 (Maurice 20', Sibierski 49')
SAUDI ARABIA 1 (Anwar Amin 26')
France: Letizi - Djetou(85'Moreau), Laville, Candela, Dieng - Dacourt,
Bonnissel, Dhorasso, Sibierski(62'Wiltord) - Pires(73'Legwinski),
Maurice.
Saudi Arabia: Al-Sadig - Al-Jahni(75'Al-Shahrani), Al-Kilaiwi, Zubromawi,
Sulimani - Anwar Amin, Al-Harbi, Al-Rashaid, K.Al-Dossari -
Falatah(46'Al-Garni), O.Al-Dossary.
P W D L F A Pts
1 France 3 2 1 0 5- 2 7 *
2 Spain 3 2 1 0 5- 3 7 *
3 Australia 3 1 0 2 4- 6 3
4 Saudi Arabia 3 0 0 3 2- 5 0
*Qualified to quarter-finals
Group C:
21 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 44,211 Ref: Hugh Dallas(Sco) HT: 0-0
MEXICO 1 (Palencia 83')
ITALY 0
Mexico: Campos - Pardo, Suarez, Davino, Villa - Lara, R.Garcia, Sol -
Alfaro(69'Blanco), Abundis(66'Palencia), L.Garcia.
Italy: Pagliuca - Nesta, Cannavaro, Galante, Fresi - Crippa, Tommasi,
Brambilla(64'Morfeo), Pecchia - Branca, Lucarelli(77'Delvecchio).
21 July 1996 Washington D.C.
Att: 45,946 Ref: Edward Lennie(Aus) HT: 1-0
SOUTH KOREA 1 (Yoon Jong-Hwan 41'p)
GHANA 0
South Korea: Seo Dong-Myong - Choi Sung-Yong, Kim Hyun-Su, Lee Lim-Saeng,
Kim Sang-Hoon, Lee Sang-Hun - Lee Ki-Hyung, Choi Yoon-Yeol,
Yoon Jong-Hwan(78'Chung Sang-Nam) - Ha Seok-Ju,
Hwang Sun Hong(79'Choi Yong-Su).
Ghana: S.Addo - J.Addo, Sabah, O.S.Kuffor, Duodu - Ahinful, Ebenzer,
Akunnor - Kennedy(56'Aboagye), Duah, Welbeck(80'Amoako).
23 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 26,111 Ref: Lucian Bouchardeau(Ngr)HT: 0-0
MEXICO 0
SOUTH KOREA 0
Mexico: Campos - Pardo, Suarez, Davino, Villa - Lara, R.Garcia, Sol -
Blanco(62'Alfaro), L.Garcia, Palencia(69'Abundis).
South Korea: Seo Dong-Myung - Choi Sung-Yong, Kim Hyun-Su, Lee Sang-Hun,
Lee Lim-Saeng(16'Lee Kyung-Soo) - Lee Ki-Hyung, Yoon Jong-Hwan,
Choi Yoon-Yeol, Choi Yong-Su - Hwang Sun-Hong(35'Lee Won-Shik,
89'Sam Narm-Chung), Ha Seok-Ju.
23 July 1996 Washington, D.C.
Att: 27,849 Ref: Jose Garcia Aranda(Spa) HT: 1-2
GHANA 3 (Sabah 15' 74', Ahinful 63')
ITALY 2 (Branca 8' 44')
Ghana: S.Addo - J.Addo, O.S.Kuffour, Sabah, Duodu - Ebenzer, Ahinful,
Akunnor(31'Yahaya) - Duah, Aboagye, Amoako.
Italy: Pagliuca - Sartor(77'Pistone), Nesta, Cannavaro, Galante(62'e),
Fresi - Crippa, Tommasi, Bernardini(69'Pecchia) - Branca,
Lucarelli(46'Delvecchio).
25 July 1996 Washington, D.C.
Att: 30,237 Ref: Antonio Pereira da Silva(Bra) HT: 0-1
MEXICO 1 (Abundis 65')
GHANA 1 (Ebenzer 44')
Mexico: Campos - Pardo, Suarez, Davino, Villa - Lara, R.Garcia(62'Blanco),
Sol(52'Arellano) - Alfaro, L.Garcia, Abundis(68'Palencia).
Ghana: S.Addo - J.Addo, O.S.Kuffour, Sabah, Duodu(46'Baidoo, 57'e) -
Yahaya, Ebenzer(74'Welbeck), Ahinful - Duah, Aboagye, Amoako.
25 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 28,319 Ref: Robert Ruben Ruscio(Arg) HT: 1-0
ITALY 2 (Branca 24' 82')
SOUTH KOREA 1 (Lee Ki-Hyung 62')
Italy: Pagliuca - Nesta, Cannavaro(89'e), Fresi, Pistone - Tommasi, Crippa,
Ametrano, Brambilla(75'Pecchia) - Delvecchio(53'Morfeo), Branca.
South Korea: Seo Dong-Myung - Choi Sung Yong, Lee Sang-Hun, Kim Hyun-Su,
Lee Lim-Saeng - Choi Yoon Yeol, Lee Kyung-Soo, Lee Ki-Hyung,
Yoon Jong-Hwan(79'Chung Sang-Nam) - Choi Yong-Su, Ha Seok-Ju.
P W D L F A Pts
1 Mexico 3 1 2 0 2- 1 5 *
2 Ghana 3 1 1 1 4- 4 4 *
3 South Korea 3 1 1 1 2- 2 4
4 Italy 3 1 0 2 4- 5 3
*Qualified to quarter-finals
Group D:
21 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 46,713 Ref: Armando Archundia(Mex) HT: 0-0
JAPAN 1 (Ito 72')
BRAZIL 0
Japan: Kawaguchi - Suzuki, Tanaka, Matsuda - Nakata(82'Uemura), Michiki,
Hattori, Maezono, Ito, Endo(75'Shirai) - Jo(86'Matsubara).
Brazil: Dida - Ze Maria, Aldair, Ronaldo Guira, Roberto Carlos - Juninho,
Flavio Conceicao, Amaral(46'Ze Elias), Rivaldo - Bebeto,
Savio(64'Ronaldinho).
21 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 25,303 Ref: Pirom Un-Prasert(Tha) HT: 0-0
NIGERIA 1 (Kanu 44')
HUNGARY 0
Nigeria: Dosu - C.Babayaro, West, Oliseh, Uche - Amunike(75'Lawal), Okocha,
Obaraku, Kanu(80'Ikpeba) - Babangida, Amokachi.
Hungary: Safar - Sebok, Peto, Lendvai, Molnar - Sandor(83'Preisinger),
Dragoner, Lisztes, Egressy(75'Herzceg) - Szatmari, Dombi.
23 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 34,871 Ref: Gamal Mahrnoud El-Ghandour(Egy) HT: 1-0
BRAZIL 3 (Ronaldinho 35', Juninho 61', Bebeto 84')
HUNGARY 1 (Madar 58')
Brazil: Dida - Ze Maria, Aldair, Ronaldo Guira, Roberto Carlos - Ze Elias,
Juninho, Flavio Conceicao, Rivaldo(74'Amaral) - Bebeto,
Ronaldinho(74'Savio).
Hungary: Safar - Sebok(72'e), Peto, Lendvai, Molnar - Dragoner(46'Madar),
Herzceg, Bukszegi, Lisztes(65'Szanyo) - Szatmari, Dombi.
23 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 22,734 Ref: Pierluigi Collina(Ita) HT: 0-0
NIGERIA 2 (Babangida 82', Okocha 90')
JAPAN 0
Nigeria: Dosu - C.Babayaro, West, Oliseh, Uche - Obaraku, Amunike(72'Lawal),
Okocha, Kanu(87'Ikpeba) - Babangida, Amokachi.
Japan: Kawaguchi - Shirai, Suzuki, Tanaka(72'Akiba), Matsuda - Maezono,
Hattori(86'Hironaga), lto, Nakata - Michiki, Jo.
25 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 55,650 Ref: Esfandiar Baharmast(USA) HT: 1-0
BRAZIL 1 (Ronaldinho 30')
NIGERIA 0
Brazil: Dida - Ze Maria, Aldair, Ronaldo Guira, Roberto Carlos - Juninho,
Flavio Conceicao, Ze Elias, Rivaldo(71'Amaral) - Bebeto,
Ronaldinho(83'Savio).
Nigeria: Dosu - West, Uche, Oliseh, Obaraku - Amunike(63'Ikpeba), Okocha,
Obafemi(47'Lawal), Kanu - Babangida(81'Fatusi), Amokachi.
25 July 1996 Orlando, Florida
Att: 20,834 Ref: Lucian Bouchardeau(Ngr) HT: 1-1
JAPAN 3 (Maezono 39' 90', Uemura 90')
HUNGARY 2 (Sandor 2', Madar 48')
Japan: Kawaguchi - Suzuki, Tanaka, Matsuda - Hattori, Maezono, Ito, Michiki
- Morioka(36'Hironaga), Jo, Matsubara(89'Uemura).
Hungary: Safar - Peto, Lendvai, Molnar, Bukszegi - Lisztes(76'Szanyo),
Sandor, Egressy, Preisinger(74'Zavadsky) - Dombi, Madar.
P W D L F A Pts
1 Brazil 3 2 0 1 4- 2 6 *
2 Nigeria 3 2 0 1 3- 1 6 *
3 Japan 3 2 0 1 4- 4 6
4 Hungary 3 0 0 3 3- 7 0
*Qualified to quarter-finals
Quarter-Finals:
27 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 22,339 Ref: Pierluigi Collina(Ita) HT: 1-0 (aet-golden goal)
PORTUGAL 2 (Capucho 7', Calado 105')
FRANCE 1 (Maurice 49')
Portugal: Nuno Herlander - Rui Bento, Peixe, Rui Jorge(62'Afonso Martins),
Andrade, Litos(14'Beto) - Capucho(51'Dani), Vidigal, Calado -
Kenedy, Paulo Alves.
France: Letizi - Djetou, Bonnissel(105'e), Moreau, Dieng - Makefele,
Dhorasoo, Dacourt(61'Vairelles), Legwinski - Maurice(91'Wiltord),
Pires.
27 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 43,507 Ref: Gamal Mahmoud El-Ghandour(Egy) HT: 0-0
ARGENTINA 4 (Crespo 47' 88', Aranzabal 52'og, C.Lopez 66')
SPAIN 0
Argentina: Cavallero - Ayala, Zanetti, Sensini, Pineda - Almeyda,
Bassedas(78'Simeone), Ortega(75'Gallardo), Morales(80'G.Lopez) -
Crespo, C.Lopez.
Spain: Mora - Aranzabal, Navarro, Corino, Karanka - Oscar, Jose Ignacio,
Roberto(56'Lardin), Idiakez(56'de la Peņa) - Raul, Dani.
28 July 1996 Birmingham, Alabama
Att: 44,788 Ref: Omar Saleh Saad Al-Muhanna(KSA) HT: 0-1
MEXICO 0
NIGERIA 2 (Okocha 20', C.Babayaro 84')
Mexico: Campos - Pardo, Suarez, Davino(45'e), Villa - R.Garcia(46'Blanco),
Lara, Sol(24'Arellano) - L.Garcia, Alfaro(65'Palencia), Abundis.
Nigeria: Dosu - C.Babayaro, West, Uche, Oliseh(89'e) - Amunike(85'Lawal),
Obaraku, Okocha, Kanu(66'Fatusi) - Babangida(56'Ikpeba), Amokachi.
28 July 1996 Miami, Florida
Att: 45,257 Ref: Pirom Un-Prasert(Tha) HT: 1-1
BRAZIL 4 (Duoduo 17'og, Ronaldinho 56' 62', Bebeto 72')
GHANA 2 (Akunnor 23', Aboagye 53')
Brazil: Dida - Roberto Carlos(86'Andre Luiz), Ronaldo Guira, Ze Maria,
Aldair - Flavio Conceicao, Juninho, Ze Elias, Amaral(65'Rivaldo) -
Bebeto, Ronaldinho.
Ghana: S.Addo - J.Addo, O.S.Kuffour, Sabah(83'e), Duodo - Yahaya, Ahinful,
Akunnor - Duah(88'O.E.Kuffour), Aboagye, Amoako(35'Ebenzer).
Semi-Finals:
30 July 1996 Athens, Georgia
Att: 78,212 Ref: Esfandiar Baharmast(USA) HT: 0-0
ARGENTINA 2 (Crespo 55' 61')
PORTUGAL 0
Argentina: Cavallero - Ayala, Zanetti, Sensini, Chamot - Almeyda, Ortega,
Morales(67'G.Lopez), Bassedas(75'Simeone) - Crespo(78'Gallardo),
C.Lopez.
Portugal: Nuno Herlander - Rui Bento, Andrade(65'Paulo Alves), Peixe,
Rui Jorge, Beto(8'Nuno Afonso) - Afonso Martins(58'Porfirio),
Vidigal, Calado - Dominguez, Nuno Gomes.
31 July 1996 Athens, Georgia
Att: 78,587 Ref: Jose Garcia-Aranda(Spa) HT: 1-3 (aet-golden goal)
NIGERIA 4 (Roberto Carlos 20'og, Ikpeba 78', Kanu 90' 94')
BRAZIL 3 (Flavio Conceicao 1' 38', Bebeto 28')
Nigeria: Dosu - C.Babayaro, Uche, West, Obaraku(82'Oruma) - Lawal, Okocha,
Amunike(45'Ikpeba), Kanu - Babangida(67'Fatusi), Amokachi.
Brazil: Dida - Ze Maria, Aldair, Ronaldo Guira, Roberto Carios - Amaral,
Flavio Conceicao, Juninho(67'Rivaldo), Ze Elias - Bebeto,
Ronaldinho(85'Savio).
Bronze Medal Game:
2 August 1996 Athens, Georgia
Att: 68,173 Ref: Gamal Mahmoud El-Ghandour(Egy) HT: 2-0
BRAZIL 5 (Ronaldinho 4', Flavio Conceicao 10', Bebeto 46' 53' 74')
PORTUGAL 0
Brazil: Dida - Ze Maria, Aldair(80'Narciso), Ronaldo Guira, Roberto Carlos -
Flavio Conceicao, Amaral(84'Marcelinho Paulista), Juninho, Ze Elias
- Bebeto, Ronaldinho(77'Luizao).
Portugal: Costinha - Peixe(56'Rui Jorge), Capucho(46'Afonso Martins),
Rui Bento, Nuno Afonso - Vidigal, Calado, Kenedy, Dominguez -
Dani, Paulo Alves(46'Nuno Gomes).
FINAL:
3 August 1996 Athens, Georgia
Att: 86,117 Ref: Pierluigi Collina(Ita) HT: 1-1
NIGERIA 3 (C.Babayaro 28', Amokachi 74', Amunike 90')
ARGENTINA 2 (C.Lopez 3', Crespo 50')
Nigeria: Dosu - C.Babayaro, West, Uche, Obaraku(62'Oruma) - Oliseh,
Ikpeba(72'Amunike), Okocha(59'Lawal), Kanu - Babangida, Amokachi.
Argentina: Cavallero - Ayala, Zanetti, Sensini, Chamot - Almeyda, Bassedas,
Morales(58'Simeone), Ortega - Crespo, C.Lopez.
Rk Country P W T L F A Pts Dif 1 NIGERIA 6 5 0 1 12- 6 15 + 6 2 Argentina 6 3 2 1 13- 6 11 + 7 3 Brazil 6 4 0 2 16- 8 12 + 8 4 Portugal 6 2 2 2 6-10 8 - 4 5 France 4 2 1 1 6- 4 7 + 2 6 Spain 4 2 1 1 5- 7 7 - 2 7 Mexico 4 1 2 1 2- 3 5 - 1 8 Ghana 4 1 1 2 6- 8 4 - 2 9 Japan 3 2 0 1 4- 4 6 0 10 United States 3 1 1 1 4- 4 4 0 11 South Korea 3 1 1 1 2- 2 4 0 12 Italy 3 1 0 2 4- 5 3 - 1 13 Australia 3 1 0 2 4- 6 3 - 2 14 Tunisia 3 0 1 2 1- 5 1 - 4 15 Saudi Arabia 3 0 0 3 2- 5 0 - 3 16 Hungary 3 0 0 3 3- 7 0 - 4
6 Crespo (Arg), Bebeto (Bra) 5 Ronaldinho (Bra) 4 Branca (Ita) 3 Kanu (Nig), Flavio Conceicao (Bra), Maurice (Fra)
Prepared and maintained by Macario Reyes for the Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation
Author: Macario Reyes
(copasmundiales@yahoo.com)
Last updated: 21 Nov 1999
(C) Copyright Macario Reyes and RSSSF 1999
You are free to copy this document in whole or part provided that proper acknowledgement
is given to the author. All rights reserved.